What is a LED: types and applications

1 What is a LED

As we know that first is named and then exists, we will begin to answer what an LED is from the etymological meaning of the word: it is a light emitting diode, called LED for its acronym for the English concept Light-emiting diode.

Entering more about what a LED is, today they are more than mere emitting diodes. They are architects of a new era both in the lighting and in the technology of the visualization and in the very plot of the consumer electronics. In summary, LEDs have diversified both their functions that became essential elements in the digital interconnection of our daily lives.

It is that, today we can find the footprint of a LED both in the lamp that we just changed at home, as in the sharpness of the screen of our computer, or the digital advertising panels that we see when going out.

LEDs are transforming the way we perceive and share many types of visual information: from state indicators in electronic devices to autonomous lighting lighting systems.

2 LED operation

Unlike the old incandescent bulbs, which generate light through the heating of a filament, the functioning of the LED makes them remarkably more efficient energy. It is an electronic component that converts electric current directly into visible light.

This phenomenon is called electroluminescence, where light occurs when electrons are combined with gaps in the structure. Thus, electroluminescence is the fundamental process that drives the magic behind each little diode that we find in the modern world.

So, to understand what an LED is, we have to incorporate the term electroluminescence, which may sound imposing but that contains amazing simplicity: it is the phenomenon that allows LEDs to convert electric current directly into visible light.

We invite you to imagine this process as a microscopic dance within a semiconductor material. When an electric current is applied, electrons are energized and move through the material, encountering gaps in the structure. The electron meeting with these holes releases energy in the form of light, thus creating the lighting that characterizes LEDs.

3 Characteristics of LEDs

• Energy efficiency: they become most of electric power in light, minimizing energy losses in the form of heat.
• Long useful life: they have a prolonged shelf life compared to other light sources.
• Instant ignition: They are turned on immediately when the electric current is applied, without heating time.
• Compact: due to their reduced size, they are ideal for applications where space is limited.
• Variety of colors: They can generate light in a wide range of colors without filters.
• Low heat emission: unlike incandescent bulbs, they emit very little heat compared to the light produced.
• Robust: They are solid and resistant to blows and vibrations, being suitable for applications in adverse environments.
• No mercury: they do not contain mercury or other toxic materials.
• Precise intensity control: They allow precise control of light intensity without affecting energy efficiency.
• Directionality: Its light is emitted in a directional way.
• Solid state technology: they are solid state devices, which means that they do not have moving parts or filaments, which contributes to their durability.
• Different applications: They are used in a variety of applications, from general lighting technology to visualization, electronic indicators, signage and more.

4 Common uses of LEDs

From home lighting to electronic devices and urban signage, LEDs are everywhere, providing light and color to our day to day in Spain:

Residential lighting:

One of the most common uses of LEDs in Spain is residential lighting. These devices have transformed the landscape panorama into homes, offering energy efficiency and a wide variety of design options. From ceiling lamps to LED lighting strips, Spanish households benefit from a bright and adaptable light.

Exterior lighting and visualization technology:

The streets and public spaces of Spain will benefit from the presence of LEDs in external lighting. LED lamps provide efficient lighting in parks, squares and roads, contributing to night safety and visibility.

Electronic indicators:

In the field of electronics, LEDs play a crucial role as visual indicators. From the small LED that indicates that your TV is on to the light indicators on electronic devices, these small points of light offer visual information clearly and efficiently.

Decorative lighting:

In holiday events, celebrations and interior decoration, LEDs are the perfect allies to add a touch of light and color. Guirnaldas, Christmas lights and LED decorative lamps create festive environments and contribute to the festive atmosphere throughout Spain.

Lighting in the field of health:

In medical care environments, LEDs play a crucial role in surgical lighting and environmental lighting systems. Its ability to provide high quality white light is essential in medical operations and procedures.

5 Advantages of LEDs

Electroluminescence turned into LED is not only an intriguing scientific phenomenon, but it is also the very essence of energy efficiency that distinguishes LEDs from other lighting forms. Some of its advantages are:

• They are more efficient than traditional lighting technologies.
• It reduces the frequency of replacement and contributes to sustainability.
• It is especially useful in applications that require instant light.
• They allow a flexible design of products and lighting systems.
• They are versatile for decorative and visualization applications.
• It is beneficial in environments where temperature control is important.
• They are more respectful of the environment and easy to discard safely.
• They are useful in applications that require brightness adjustments.
• It allows a more accurate approach to lighting and avoids unwanted dispersions.

Due to their functionality, characteristics, uses and advantages LEDs are a preferred option in various industries and applications, continuously promoting the evolution of lighting and electronic technology. In this modern context, knowing what LEDs are will allow you to understand how our present and our future are illuminated.