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We explain the main reasons for the failure of LEDs, their components and good practices to prevent this from happening and extend the useful life as much as possible.
1 The main components that form a LED luminaire
LED chip
This is the basic component and in charge of providing lighting. As for its construction, they are formed by a mixture of different materials whose mixture is obtained by the final color of the light. It is usually built on metals how aluminum and covered with a layer of polycarbonate. They work in direct current, so a source or driver is necessary for its operation.
Driver or transformer
It is the component that makes us use the LEDs with the current that is poured from the electricity grid. Its mission is basic, convert this voltage supplied by the network to the voltage and operating amperage of the LEDs. The operation of this component is vital for the operation and stability, both light and longevity, of the LED chip.
The motherboard or support
As we have mentioned above, the chips are built on metal materials and aluminum that help both heat dissipation and to host all connections of the other components necessary for its operation.
Optics
They are usually glass or glass portions, which depending on their form will make the light projected by the LED chips have an angle or another and how will the distribution of light be.
Heat management
LEDs in their minimum expression do not generate heat, which does not mean that when they are integrated into a luminaire, there is no amount of heat. This amount of heat is vital to evacuate it so that it does not affect the LED chip, since it can shorten its useful life even to modify their color tones.
2 Faults in LED luminaires and tips to solve it
It is known that most of the rupture of LEDs is due to breakage of internal components of the luminaires (bulbs, panels, tubes, etc.) and to a lesser percentage due to failures during installation and transport.
Breakdowns
By far, the largest number of failures and use defects is found in the driver. Variations in the ambient temperature, frequency or current variations can cause the inmates of the drivers to fail, which in turn derives in malfunction of the LED luminaire. How we have mentioned above, this component is the one that most usually fails, specifically in 3 out of 4 failures of the LED luminaires. Heat management is the following reason for the breakage of LED luminaires. The incorrect heat dissipation makes the useful life of LED chips decrease considerably. Therefore, this is a factor to consider when an installation is carried out. The third most common cause of malfunction is the LED chip itself. This may be due to vibrations that make internal materials or factory defects move in their construction.
Tips
Heat dissipation is the most important factor. It helps LED components with a good aluminum dissipator and good natural ventilation or forced ventilation (fan). It prevents drivers from receiving overcoming in a timely manner so that the capacitors do not suffer. It is very important to have facilities in which the current is stable and fluid, in addition to being safe. Avoid installing LED luminaires in places where there are vibrations, since they can affect the components of LEDs. Respecting on/off cycles, as turning or continuously turning off the LED luminaires affects your useful life in a considerably. Check the elements of the facilities as wiring in poor condition, plugs in poor condition and too many electrical appliances connected along the same lines. Buy materials with accrediting certificates (CE and ROSH certificates), which have good technical characteristics and that have the energy label that indicate that they guarantee their low consumption.